I guess the idea of including that stuff in the pinhole kit is to allow you to shoot a sheet of film and then contact print it onto the paper or use the direct positive film in the camera. I find 5x4 contact prints a bit small - 10x8 is fine - but 5x4 just doesn't have enough impact.
The film holders are often referred to as universal holders and they go into any 5x4 camera with a universal back - ie pretty well every camera made in the last 75 years. So they fit my Cambo and Sinar P2 as well as the Speed Graphic and MPP and the Ebony. The film in the photo (buggered now, as you say) is probably XP2 although I am not certain as I discovered it in the holders that came with the P2 I bought (that was what was written on them anyway). The previous owner had obviously loaded them at some point. There's 7 or 8 I think and I guess they are all loaded so I might just expose them and develop them in ID11 just to see (I'm not going to waste my time preparing some C41 even though I have a couple of kits somewhere or other). The holders are not that expensive new and are easy to find SH.
So, what do you need? Well I guess the first decision is whether it will be used mostly inside or outside. And how portable it should be. Neither the Cambo Legend nor the Sinar P2 are even remotely portable in the sense of going for a walk with one - they do have shipping containers but we're talking 20 - 30kg or more. However, the Ebony is and so are the MPP and Speed Graphic. Dave has a wooden LF field camera that he was talking about selling (a Canham I think) and that might be one way to go. It would be tripod only of course - like the Ebony - (and head under a black cloth) but would be a good foundation. Another option is a Speed Graphic but good ones are quite hard to find and they have limited movements. An MPP portable technical camera is similar in size and, again, very portable and hand holdable. Plus it has a decent range of movements. And then there's the famous Linhof Technika. These are the most abundant and probably the most versatile camera around, but they are pricey. If you are thinking of interior and occasional outside then a Toyo might also suit as they are fairly light - but, again, not hand holdable.
Once you have your camera body of course you'll need lenses. The hand holdable, older ones usually come with a lens and you can fit others. Virtually all LF cameras have their lenses mounted on a panel that clips in the front. Lenses can be fitted to pretty well any panel and it is very simple - you just unscrew the two parts of a lens poke it through the panel (they have holes in standard sizes to accommodate the shutter used, although some Sinar panels are different and the lenses for these are not mounted on a shutter, eg Copal 0, 2 and 3). The panels are cheap. And, in fact so are the lenses, for a £100 - £300 you can get glass that far exceeds the performance of modern SLR lenses. Partly because the design is simpler and partly because there is so much SH stuff around.
So, to get started you'd need a camera and lens plus some film holders. Not much more ,although you'd need some sort of insert for your developing tank unless you can use dishes (tricky without a darkroom) - something like the MOD 54 would be ideal (
Silverprint - Store - Browse Products -). And a box of film (about £35 for 25 sheets). And of course you can fit universal roll film holders onto the cameras too - anything from 6x6 cm to 6x12 cm - and Polaroid backs.