OK Paul, riddle me this...
If the digital sensor can't see the tonality the film captured why does the digital scan capture it?
Just wondering...
Because it is transferred to the negative - and it is in a different "state" information wise. Like I said, I clearly can see the gradient tones and colors of the water in dam picture on the negative, yet the digital camera's raw file did not capture anywhere near at the same level.
It is the same theory is why different photographic papers have different dynamic range, different tonality, and/or different color reproduction.
Here is the spectral chart for your "typical" CMOS sensor digital camera :
Here is the spectral chart for Portra 160, the lower left chart is what we are comparing :
As you can see, there is quite a difference in what is gathered by the two different mediums. While "camera" scanning or flatbed scanning may not be 100% accurate to what information is on the negative - the shifts and changes in color/contrast/tonality are still going to give a different result than taking a purely digital pic of the exact scene. The digital sensor interprets the photons hitting it from the scene within it's designed accuracy, however when it is photographing a film negative - the representation of that scene is shifted/different. The film negative is the middleman, presenting different numbers to the camera.
You can print the same picture (digitally, or in the darkroom) on high gloss paper, then on luster or matte paper - and it will look different. The same thing is happening here between a digital "scanned" negative and a purely digital shot of the same scene. The colors / tones reside in different parts/areas (wavelengths) of the translation and yield different results.
The digital camera didn't "see" the gradient tones in the water, therefore it's native RAW didn't have that information. The film stock "seen" the gradient tones - and translated that onto the negative that when applied, was visible to the camera.
That is why I can look through my photos and easily pick up what is film, and what is digital - solely on the colors, tones, contrast. I am sure someone who is a scientist or professional that deals with this type of information would laugh at my attempts to put it to words - But I think I am explaining it adequately for your question.